• Dani Stanbouly, Abdalla M Asi, Jeffrey A Ascherman, Sung-Kiang Chuang, Brian Kinard, and James C Melville.
• Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address: ds3840@cumc.columbia.edu.
• World Neurosurg. 2024 Jan 1; 181: e45e54e45-e54.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether patients with syndromic craniosynostosis (SCS) are at increased risk for epilepsy relative to patients with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NSCS).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was completed using the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). All patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis (CS) were included. The primary predictor variable was study grouping (SCS vs. NSCS). The primary outcome variable was a diagnosis of epilepsy. Descriptive statistics, univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify independent risk factors for epilepsy.ResultsThe final study sample included a total of 10,089 patients (mean age, 1.78 years ± 3.70; 37.7% female). 9278 patients (92.0%) had NSCS, and the remaining 811 patients (8.0%) had SCS. A total of 577 patients (5.7%) had epilepsy. Not controlling for other variables, patients with SCS were at increased risk for epilepsy relative to patients with NSCS (OR 2.1, P < 0.001). After controlling for all significant variables, patients with SCS were no longer at increased risk for epilepsy relative to patients with NSCS (OR 0.73, P = 0.063). Hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation (CM), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), atrial septal defect (ASD), gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) were all independent risk factors (P < 0.05) for epilepsy.ConclusionsSyndromic craniosynostosis (SCS) in itself is not a risk factor for epilepsy relative to NSCS. The greater prevalence of hydrocephalus, CM, OSA, ASD, and GERD, all of which were risk factors for epilepsy, in patients with SCS relative to patients with NSCS likely explains the greater prevalence of epilepsy in SCS relative to NSCS.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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