• Xiaoqing Wang, Weixia Zhang, Mijie Wang, and Ronghong Jiao.
• Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jun 23; 102 (25): e34119e34119.

RationaleWe describe 1 case of fetal giant pericardial cyst was diagnosed by fetal echocardiography in the second trimester, and the changes of the cyst were recorded by follow-up observation in the late trimester and after birth. We then review and discuss the knowledge about its diagnosis and treatment.Patient ConcernsA 34-year-old pregnant woman was referred to our hospital because of a diagnosis of a fetal pericardial effusion at 22 5/7 weeks at another hospital.DiagnosisFetal echocardiography revealed an irregular anechoic area in the right side of the fetal right atrium and right ventricle that was closely related to but not communicated with the pericardiumis and suggested fetal pericardial cyst. Fetal cardiothoracic magnetic resonance imaging showed cystic FIESTA signal in the right lung region, with clear boundary, and a seemingly line-like low signal shadow within.InterventionsSince fetal pericardial cysts keep decreasing in size during maternal pregnancy, follow-up observation measures are taken.OutcomesFetal pericardial cysts disappear on their own 4 months after delivery.LessonsAsymptomatic pericardial cysts in the fetal period can be followed up and observed, and intervention is performed only when the cyst rapidly enlarges or ruptures and becomes infected in the fetal or neonatal period. Echocardiography can be used as a first-line detection method for their initial detection and follow-up.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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