• Mi-Sun Kong, Kyung-Hoe Huh, and Hong-Seop Kho.
• Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (ROK).
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jun 23; 102 (25): e34100e34100.

BackgroundNoninfectious myositis (NIM) of the masticatory muscles is uncommon local myalgia disorder persisted by a centrally-mediated neurogenic mechanism. Due to the rarity of this condition and the lack of appropriate data regarding it, diagnosing this pathology when it affects the temporal muscle (TM) is challenging.Case PresentationClinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic process, and treatment outcome of 2 rare cases of NIM of the TM were presented. The signs and symptoms of the patients were not pathognomonic. There were restrictions on the mouth opening and lateral excursion of the mandible. The duration of the symptoms may not be chronic. The findings of clinical evaluation may indicate the diagnosis of anterior disc displacement (DD) without reduction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or local myalgia. Swelling of the involved muscle could be evident and identified on palpation depending on the involved site of myositis. The axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was important for the accurate diagnosis of this rare condition. Application of non-surgical conservative treatment modalities such as administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics for a sufficient period of time, control of oral parafunctional habits, and jaw exercises were effective for the management of NIM of the TM.ConclusionA thorough clinical examination and MR imaging including the axial T2-weighted view are required for accurate diagnosis and effective management of NIM of the TM.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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