• Jennifer Weller and Ruth Gotian.
• Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: j.weller@auckland.ac.nz.
• Br J Anaesth. 2023 Sep 1; 131 (3): 503509503-509.

AbstractOver the past century, education has been a core component for improving patient safety. The initial focus was developing a curriculum and an assessment process. In recent decades, the value of work-based learning has come to the fore. Learning from work, or experiential learning, requires reflection, which is critically dependent on external feedback. Conceptions of feedback have moved from a transactional information transfer from the supervisor to the trainee to a learner-centred and collaborative process occurring in a complex socio-cultural environment. In this narrative review we describe the evolution of the feedback conversation, provide a model synthesising the core concepts of feedback, and offer some guidance for the development of effective feedback in anaesthesia education.Copyright © 2023 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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