• Gonzalo Alvear, Luis Santibáñez, Ricardo Sepúlveda, Víctor Ramírez, and Benjamín Martínez.
• Integramédica, Santiago, Chile.
• Rev Med Chil. 2022 Aug 1; 150 (8): 100010091000-1009.

BackgroundThe over prescription of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections is a major public health problem worldwide.AimTo evaluate the frequency of prescription of antibiotics for non-pneumonia acute respiratory infections in private outpatient clinics in individuals without chronic diseases or immunosuppression.Material And MethodsAll medical records of adult consultants in a national network of private ambulatory medical centers during May 2018 whose primary diagnosis corresponded to acute respiratory infections not pneumonia (ICD10) were identified and retrospectively analyzed, excluding those with chronic respiratory conditions or states of immunosuppression.ResultsOf the 38,072 consultants (aged 36 years, 63% women) who met this criterion, 54% (n = 20,499) received a prescription for at least one antibiotic. The diagnoses that most frequently received this prescription were acute bronchitis (28.7%), acute sinusitis (16.5%) and acute tonsillitis (16.2%). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic globally was azithromycin (37.4%), followed by amoxicillin (20.1%) and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (17.7%). Levofloxacin prescription reached 12.5% of total prescriptions.ConclusionsAn antibiotic was prescribed in more than half of the non-pneumonia outpatient acute respiratory infections. Azithromycin was the most prescribed antibiotic, while levofloxacin exceeded 10% of prescriptions. These results reinforce the need to implement an antibiotic prescription surveillance system at the outpatient level.

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