• Yifan Tuo, Lihong Hu, Wenbo Gu, Xiaoya Yuan, Jide Wu, Da Ma, Di Luo, Xiao Zhang, Xusheng Li, Shengsen Yang, and Haifeng Yuan.
• Department of Spine Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
• Spine. 2023 Sep 15; 48 (18): E317E328E317-E328.

Study DesignBasic science laboratory study.ObjectiveTo identify hub genes related to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) and analyze their functional characteristics.Summary Of Background DataThe exact etiology and pathologic mechanism of OLF remain unclear. BMPs are pleiotropic osteoinductive proteins that may play a critical role in this condition.Materials And MethodsThe GSE106253 and GSE106256 data sets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNA expression profiles were obtained from GSE106253. The microRNA expression profiles were obtained from GSE106256. Differentially expressed genes were identified between OLF and non-OLF groups and then intersected with BMP-related genes to obtain differentially expressed BMP-related genes. The least absolute shrinkage selection operator and support vector machine recursive feature elimination were used to screen hub genes. Furthermore, a competing endogenous RNA network was constructed to explain the expression regulation of the hub genes in OLF. Finally, the protein and mRNA expression levels of the hub genes were verified using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively.ResultsWe identified 671 Differentially expressed genes and 32 differentially expressed BMP-related genes. Hub genes ADIPOQ , SCD , SCX , RPS18 , WDR82 , and SPON1 , identified through the least absolute shrinkage selection operator and support vector machine recursive feature elimination analyses, showed high diagnostic values for OLF. Furthermore, the competing endogenous RNA network revealed the regulatory mechanisms of the hub genes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the mRNA expression of the hub genes was significantly downregulated in the OLF group compared with the non-OLF group. Western blot showed that the protein levels of ADIPOQ, SCD, WDR82 , and SPON1 were significantly downregulated, whereas those of SCX and RPS18 were significantly upregulated in the OLF group compared with the non-OLF group.ConclusionThis study is the first to identify BMP-related genes in OLF pathogenesis through bioinformatics analysis. ADIPOQ , SCD , SCX , RPS18 , WDR82 , and SPON1 were identified as hub genes for OLF. The identified genes may serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating patients with OLF.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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