• Girish P Joshi.
• Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9068, USA. girish.joshi@utsouthwestern.edu.
• Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2023 Aug 1; 27 (8): 227237227-237.

Purpose Of ReviewA multimodal analgesic approach improves postoperative pain relief and reduces opioid use; however, it is not universally implemented. This review presents the evidence assessing multimodal analgesic regimens and recommends optimal analgesic combinations.Recent FindingsThe evidence for best combinations of individual patients undergoing specific procedures is lacking. Nevertheless, an optimal multimodal regimen may be determined based on identifying efficacious, safe, and inexpensive analgesics interventions. Key components of an optimal multimodal analgesic regimen include the preoperative identification of patients at high risk for postoperative pain in addition to patient and caregiver education. Unless contraindicated, all patients should receive a combination of acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug or cycoxygenase-2-specific inhibitor, dexamethasone, and procedure-specific regional analgesic technique and/or surgical site local anesthetic infiltration. Opioids should be administered as rescue adjuncts. Non-pharmacological interventions are important components of an optimal multimodal analgesic technique. It is imperative to integrate multimodal analgesia regimens within a multidisciplinary enhanced recovery pathway.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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