• Lucas P Carlstrom, Kathryn Millard, David J Daniels, and Jamie J Van Gompel.
• Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: Carlstrom.Lucas@mayo.edu.
• World Neurosurg. 2023 Nov 1; 179: e56e62e56-e62.

ObjectiveThe neurosurgery chief resident year is traditionally completed during the final residency year; however, a recent directive decried that enfolded fellowships should be undertaken following completion of the chief experience for most fellowships.MethodsA national survey was distributed to U.S.-based neurosurgery residency/fellowship directors regarding these changes.ResultsWe received 135 completed surveys (37% response rate). Respondents tended to feel the new post-chief enfolded fellowship mandate represented positive effects on residency training (58%) and chief experiences (54%)-overall, 47% agreed the changes are net positive, 17% neutral, and 36% negative. In addition, 66% respondents thought the enfolded fellowship was enhanced due to previous completion of the chief year. Most did not feel the directives had a negative impact on resident case minimums completion, total case volumes, or overall case mix during residency; but 64% felt it would reduce post-graduate training. Of those who said the mandate would reduce post-graduate training, 45% thought this would be positive. Throughout all questions, most respondents tended to feel strongly, although with little overall consensus across many of these questions. One area of relative agreement was a 60% preference to allow program discretion for chief/enfolded fellowship training timing-with 41% strongly supporting versus 15% strongly rejecting reversion to program-directed administration.ConclusionsFervent bimodal opinions exist among residency program and fellowship directors regarding the directives for enfolded fellowships to follow successful completion of the chief resident experience. However, there was broad support for allowing greater program discretion for directing certain enfolded fellowship timing and structure.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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