• Reintam BlaserAnnikaADepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland., Waleed Alhazzani, Emilie Belley-Cote, MøllerMorten HylanderMHGUIDE Group, Hamilton, Canada.Department of Intensive Care, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., AdhikariNeill K JNKJInterdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada., Lisa Burry, Craig M Coopersmith, Zainab Al Duhailib, Tomoko Fujii, Anders Granholm, Jan Gunst, Naomi Hammond, Lu Ke, Francois Lamontagne, Cecilia Loudet, Matt Morgan, Marlies Ostermann, Matti Reinikainen, Ricardo Rosenfeld, Claudia Spies, and Simon Oczkowski.
• Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
• Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2023 Nov 1; 67 (10): 142314311423-1431.

BackgroundThis Rapid Practice Guideline provides an evidence-based recommendation to address the question: in adults with sepsis or septic shock, should we recommend using or not using intravenous vitamin C therapy?MethodsThe panel included 21 experts from 16 countries and used a strict policy for potential financial and intellectual conflicts of interest. Methodological support was provided by the Guidelines in Intensive Care, Development, and Evaluation (GUIDE) group. Based on an updated systematic review, and the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation approach, we evaluated the certainty of evidence and developed recommendations using the evidence-to-decision framework. We conducted an electronic vote, requiring >80% agreement among the panel for a recommendation to be adopted.ResultsAt longest follow-up, 90 days, intravenous vitamin C probably does not substantially impact (relative risk 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94 to 1.17; absolute risk difference 1.8%, 95% CI -2.2 to 6.2; 6 trials, n = 2148, moderate certainty). Effects of vitamin C on mortality at earlier timepoints was of low or very low certainty due to risk of bias of the included studies and significant heterogeneity between study results. Few adverse events were reported with the use of vitamin C. The panel did not identify any major differences in other outcomes, including duration of mechanical ventilation, ventilator free days, hospital or intensive care unit length of stay, acute kidney injury, need for renal replacement therapy. Vitamin C may result in a slight reduction in duration of vasopressor support (MD -18.9 h, 95% CI -26.5 to -11.4; 21 trials, n = 2661, low certainty); but may not reduce sequential organ failure assessment scores (MD -0.69, 95% CI -1.55 to 0.71; 24 trials, n = 4002, low certainty). The panel judged the undesirable consequences of using IV vitamin C to probably outweigh the desirable consequences, and therefore issued a conditional recommendation against using IV vitamin C therapy in sepsis.ConclusionsThe panel suggests against use of intravenous vitamin C in adult patients with sepsis, beyond that of standard nutritional supplementation. Small and single center trials on this topic should be discouraged.© 2023 Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation.

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