• Tianming Zhao, Yi Zhang, Kun Wang, Huan Yu, Lianjun Lin, Xueying Qin, Tao Wu, Dafang Chen, Yiqun Wu, and Yonghua Hu.
• Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2023 Jan 1; 2023: 21982592198259.

BackgroundAspiration pneumonia (AP) is difficult to diagnose and has poor outcomes. This case-control study aimed to explore the risk factors and delineate the antibiotic usage for AP.MethodsInpatients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) from 2013 to 2017, enrolled in the urban employee basic medical insurance program in Beijing, were included and classified into the AP (N = 2,885) and non-AP (N = 53,825) groups. Risk factors were identified by logistic regression.ResultsOlder age (compared to 18-64 years, OR for 65-79 years: 4.3, 95% CI: 3.8-4.9; OR for >80 years: 6.3, 95% CI: 5.6-7.2), male (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3-1.5), cerebrovascular disease (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 2.8-3.5), dementia (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.8-2.1), vomiting (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.7), Parkinson's disease (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.8-2.4), and epilepsy (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.8-3.7) were associated with an increased risk of AP. 92.8% of the AP patients received antibiotic therapy. Among them, patients treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, antibiotics for injection, and combined antibiotics accounted for 93.3%, 97.9%, and 81.7%, respectively.ConclusionsOlder age, male, and several comorbidities were independent risk factors for AP, and combined antibiotics treatments are common, which merits attention in accurate detection of AP in a high-risk population.Copyright © 2023 Tianming Zhao et al.

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