• Martin Markowitz, Hiroshi Mohri, Saurabh Mehandru, Anita Shet, Leslie Berry, Roopa Kalyanaraman, Alexandria Kim, Chris Chung, Patrick Jean-Pierre, Amir Horowitz, Melissa La Mar, Terri Wrin, Neil Parkin, Michael Poles, Christos Petropoulos, Michael Mullen, Daniel Boden, and David D Ho.
• Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA. mmarkowitz@adarc.org
• Lancet. 2005 Mar 19; 365 (9464): 103110381031-8.

BackgroundRapid progression to AIDS after acute HIV-1 infection, though uncommon, has been noted, as has the transmission of multidrug resistant viruses. Here, we describe a patient in whom these two factors arose concomitantly and assess the effects.MethodsWe did a case study of a patient with HIV-1 seroconversion. We genotyped the virus and host genetic markers by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. To ascertain the drug susceptibility of our patient's HIV-1 we did phenotypic studies with the PhenoSense assay. We assessed viral coreceptor use via syncytium formation in vitro and with a modified PhenoSense assay.FindingsOur patient seems to have been recently infected by a viral variant of HIV-1 resistant to multiple classes of antiretroviral drugs. Furthermore, his virus population is dual tropic for cells that express CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor. The infection has resulted in progression to symptomatic AIDS in 4-20 months.InterpretationThe intersection of multidrug resistance and rapid development of AIDS in this patient is of concern, especially in view of his case history, which includes high-risk sexual contacts and use of metamfetamine. The public health ramifications of such a case are great.

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