• Xia Lian, Kai Zheng, Wenchao Chen, Dongfang Li, Fang Xue, and Gaiqing Wang.
• Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
• Med Clin (Barc). 2024 Jan 12; 162 (1): 353835-38.

BackgroundLeucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis is easily misdiagnosed clinically because of its complex and diverse clinical manifestations. We present two cases of LGI1 antibody-related encephalitis with negative imaging findings and perform a literature review on this disease entity.Case DescriptionThe first case was that of a 60-year-old man who presented with involuntary movement of the paroxysmal right limb. The second case was that of a 66-year-old man who presented with hearing hallucinations, involuntary shaking of the right limb, and progressive cognitive impairment. Both patients in this study showed negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and biochemical examinations showed no significant abnormalities, and positive LGI1 antibodies were detected in both the CSF and serum.ConclusionBased on our experience and the literature review, we recommend that LGI1 antibody-related encephalitis should be considered when faciobrachial dystonic seizures, acute and subacute-onset seizures, low serum sodium (possibly with low CSF chloride), and cognitive-psychiatric disorders are encountered, even in the absence of specific radiographic and altered CSF findings.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

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