• José M Porcel, Paula Sancho-Marquina, Paula Monteagudo, and Silvia Bielsa.
• Pleural Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital Hospital, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain. Electronic address: jporcelp@yahoo.es.
• Am. J. Med. Sci. 2023 Oct 1; 366 (4): 296304296-304.

BackgroundEndometriosis-associated pleural effusion is a rare occurrence with poorly defined clinical characteristics.MethodsA systematic review was performed to examine all articles on endometriosis-associated pleural effusion extracted from 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus) from inception until November 2022.ResultsA total of 142 articles (isolated cases and small retrospective series) involving 176 patients (median age 33 years) with endometriosis-associated pleural effusion were included. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (67%), chest pain (55%) and abdominal pain (40%). Pleural effusion was predominantly unilateral (89%), right-sided (88.5%) and massive (56%). Ascites was evident in 42% of the cases. Pleural fluid had a bloody appearance in 99% of cases and always met the exudate criteria. Pleural fluid cytology identified only 9% of the patients, with pleural biopsy being the most common diagnostic procedure (74%). Most patients were treated with hormones (76%), thoracic surgery (60%) and abdominal surgery (27%). Effusion recurrence was observed in 26% of cases after a median follow-up of 1 year.ConclusionsThe presence of right-sided hemorrhagic pleural effusion in a young woman warrants an assessment for the possibility of endometriosis. Despite conventional treatment, effusion recurs in approximately a quarter of patients.Copyright © 2023 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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