• Xuechao Ji, Peiling Zhai, Hanchao Yang, Hui Wang, and Xinbo Wang.
• Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Aug 11; 102 (32): e34734e34734.

RationaleMalignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma is very rare, of which squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type. Prognosis of SCC arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is very poor. Our experience may provide new ideas for the treatment of this disease.Patient ConcernsThe patient was a 56-year-old woman and was admitted for a lower abdominal pain. She underwent a laparoscopic surgery with 4 cycles of chemotherapy and had achieved a complete response; 10 months after the completion of initial treatment, her cancer relapsed. She underwent a cytoreductive surgery with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and has achieved a complete response again.DiagnosesThis patient was initially diagnosed with ovarian cancer (stage IIIB) arising from malignant transformation of mature teratoma; 10 months after the completion of initial treatment, she was diagnosed with recurrent ovarian cancer.InterventionsThis patient was initially treated with laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. After histopathological confirmation that she had ovarian cancer, she underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy and omentectomy with 4 cycles of chemotherapy. After her ovarian cancer recurred, she underwent open cytoreductive surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.OutcomesThe patient achieved complete response after both initial and relapsed treatment.LessonsOptimal cytoreduction and concurrent chemoradiotherapy may be an option to improve the prognosis of patients with recurrent SCC arising in ovary mature cystic teratoma.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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