• Susie Y Huang, Marc Salomon, and Katharina Eikermann-Haerter.
• Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• J Headache Pain. 2023 Aug 18; 24 (1): 113113.

BackgroundThere is a clinical association between migraine and multiple sclerosis.Main BodyMigraine and MS patients share similar demographics, with the highest incidence among young, female and otherwise healthy patients. The same hormonal constellations/changes trigger disease exacerbation in both entities. Migraine prevalence is increased in MS patients, which is further enhanced by disease-modifying treatment. Clinical data show that onset of migraine typically starts years before the clinical diagnosis of MS, suggesting that there is either a unidirectional relationship with migraine predisposing to MS, and/or a "shared factor" underlying both conditions. Brain imaging studies show white matter lesions in both MS and migraine patients. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms likely play a key role, at least as a shared downstream pathway. In this review article, we provide an overview of the literature about 1) the clinical association between migraine and MS as well as 2) brain MRI studies that help us better understand the mechanistic relationship between both diseases with implications on their underlying pathophysiology.ConclusionStudies suggest a migraine history predisposes patients to develop MS. Advanced brain MR imaging may shed light on shared and distinct features, while helping us better understand mechanisms underlying both disease entities.© 2023. Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature.

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