• Christian Matek, Carsten Marr, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, and Karsten Spiekermann.
• Pathologisches Institut, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Deutschland.
• Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 2023 Sep 1; 148 (17): 110811121108-1112.

AbstractThe manual examination of blood and bone marrow specimens for leukemia patients is time-consuming and limited by intra- and inter-observer variance. The development of AI algorithms for leukemia diagnostics requires high-quality sample digitization and reliable annotation of large datasets. Deep learning-based algorithms using these datasets attain human-level performance for some well-defined, clinically relevant questions such as the blast character of cells. Methods such as multiple - instance - learning allow predicting diagnoses from a collection of leukocytes, but are more data-intensive. Using "explainable AI" methods can make the prediction process more transparent and allow users to verify the algorithm's predictions. Stability and robustness analyses are necessary for routine application of these algorithms, and regulatory institutions are developing standards for this purpose. Integrated diagnostics, which link different diagnostic modalities, offer the promise of even greater accuracy but require more extensive and diverse datasets.Thieme. All rights reserved.

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