• Xin Wang and Zhankui Zhao.
• Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Aug 25; 102 (34): e34547e34547.

RationaleRenal arteriovenous malformations are rare vascular morphological anomalies that can be classified as congenital, idiopathic and acquired, of which congenital renal arteriovenous malformations are the most common. This disease is a rare cause of hematuria. In this case report, we report the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with renal arteriovenous malformation. We also review the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of renal arteriovenous malformations in the published literature.Patient ConcernsA 35-year-old female patient presented to a local hospital with right-sided lumbar abdominal pain with hematuria for 2 days. Physical examination showed percussion pain in the right renal area. Laboratory tests such as routine blood and blood biochemistry did not show any significant abnormalities when the patient entered the hospital. Considering the patient's medical history, a urological computed tomography scan showed blood accumulation in the right renal pelvis, upper middle ureter and bladder. Subsequently, routine blood tests showed that the patient's red blood cells and hemoglobin continued to decrease. An emergency renal arteriogram was performed, which showed a tortuous right upper renal pole branch artery and multiple thickened veins communicating with it.DiagnosisThis patient was diagnosed with cirsoid renal arteriovenous malformation.InterventionsRenal artery embolization was performed immediately after the renal arteriogram was performed on the patient.OutcomesOn review of the angiogram, the tortuous right upper renal pole branch artery was found to be obstructed, and the thickened vein disappeared, and the renal vein was normally visualized in due course. On the third postoperative day, the patient was free of hematuria. Physical examination showed no percussion pain in the renal area. The patient healed and was discharged. A 1-year follow-up was performed and the patient gave feedback that she no longer had symptoms such as back pain and hematuria in her daily life.LessonsThis case illustrates that early use of vascular interventions is an important method for the diagnosis and treatment of cirsoid renal arteriovenous malformations.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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