• Hongjiao Xu, Zhenyuan Shen, Yuyu Gu, Yaodan Hu, Jihong Jiang, Xiang Li, Yanfang Zhao, Minmin Zhu, and Jinbao Li.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
• BMC Anesthesiol. 2023 Sep 7; 23 (1): 302302.

BackgroundEmergence delirium (ED) is generally occurred after anesthesia associated with increased risks of long-term adverse outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preconditioning with nasal splint and mouth-breathing training on prevention of ED after general anesthesia.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial enrolled 200 adult patients undergoing ESS. Patients were randomized to receive either nasal splinting and mouth breathing training (n = 100) or standard care (n = 100) before surgery. The primary outcome was the occurrence of ED within 30 min of extubation, assessed using the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale. Logistic regression identified risk factors for ED.ResultsTotally 200 patients were randomized and 182 aged from 18 to 82 years with 59.9% of males were included in the final analysis (90 in C-group and 92 in P-group). ED occurred in 16.3% of the intervention group vs. 35.6% of controls (P = 0.004). Male sex, smoking and function endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were independent risk factors for ED.ConclusionsPreoperative nasal splinting and mouth breathing training significantly reduced the incidence of emergence delirium in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery.Trial RegistrationChiCTR1900024925 ( https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx ) registered on 3/8/2019.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

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