• John O Barron, Sadhvika Ramji, Rachel Nemoyer, Shahed Tappuni, Andrew J Toth, Sadia Tasnim, Monisha Sudarshan, Sudish C Murthy, Eugene H Blackstone, and Siva Raja.
• Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2024 May 1; 167 (5): 16281637.e21628-1637.e2.

ObjectivesWe hypothesized that emergency complications related to asymptomatic paraconduit hernias may occur less often than generally believed. Therefore, we assessed the occurrence and timing of paraconduit hernia diagnosis after esophagectomy, as well as outcomes of these asymptomatic patients managed with a watch-and-wait approach.MethodsFrom 2006 to 2021, 1214 patients underwent esophagectomy with reconstruction at the Cleveland Clinic. Among these patients, computed tomography scans were reviewed to identify paraconduit hernias. Medical records were reviewed for timing of hernia diagnosis, hernia characteristics, and patient symptoms, complications, and management. During this period, patients with asymptomatic paraconduit hernias were typically managed nonoperatively.ResultsParaconduit hernias were identified in 37 patients. Of these, 31 (84%) had a pre-esophagectomy hiatal hernia. Twenty-one hernias (57%) contained colon, 7 hernias (19%) contained pancreas, and 9 hernias (24%) contained multiple organs. Estimated prevalence of paraconduit hernia was 3.3% at 3 years and 7.7% at 10 years. Seven patients (19%) had symptoms, 4 of whom were repaired electively, with 2 currently awaiting repairs. No patient with a paraconduit hernia experienced an acute complication that required emergency intervention.ConclusionsThe risk of paraconduit hernia increases with time, suggesting that long-term symptom surveillance is reasonable. Emergency complications as a result of asymptomatic paraconduit hernias are rare. A small number of patients will experience hernia-related symptoms, sometimes years after hernia diagnosis. Our findings suggest that observation of asymptomatic paraconduit hernias (watch and wait) may be considered, with repair considered electively in patients with persistent symptoms.Copyright © 2023 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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