• Alexander Landerl, Irina Covaliova, Christoph Camille Ganter, Stefano Mancini, Sascha David, and Rea Andermatt.
• Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• Chest. 2023 Sep 1; 164 (3): e65e69e65-e69.

AbstractA 72-year-old woman with a history of adenocarcinoma of the lung, for which she was receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy with osimertinib, was admitted to the ED because of clinical deterioration with extreme fatigue and fever. She was already receiving antibiotic therapy initiated by her general practitioner because of symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. She was febrile (38.5 °C) with normal laboratory values except for leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. She was hospitalized because of profound general malaise. On the basis of the physician's working hypothesis of severe viral laryngitis, the antibiotic therapy was stopped, and only supportive measures were taken. Over the next 3 days, her condition deteriorated, and she developed respiratory symptoms with a right-sided pleural effusion demonstrated by ultrasound examination. Over time, the patient became increasingly confused and drowsy. There was preserved urinary output and a stable glomerular filtration rate of 57 mL/min. Further on, bilirubin levels as well as coagulation were normal, indicating the absence of any relevant underlying chronic liver condition. Clinically, there were no signs of meningitis. No sedative medications that would explain her confusion were given except for low-dose opioid analgesics. On day 4 after hospitalization, she was transferred to the shock room for immediate stabilization and diagnostics because of profound encephalopathy and increasing oxygen requirements.Copyright © 2023 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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