• John A Cuenca, Ankit Hanmandlu, Robert Wegner, Joshua Botdorf, Sudhakar Tummala, Cezar A Iliescu, Joseph L Nates, and Dereddi R Reddy.
• Department of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
• BMC Anesthesiol. 2023 Sep 12; 23 (1): 310310.

BackgroundCheckpoint inhibitor-induced overlap syndrome ([OS] myocarditis, and myositis with or without myasthenia gravis) is rare but life-threatening.Cases PresentationHere we present a case series of four cancer patients that developed OS. High troponinemia raised the concern for myocarditis in all the cases. However, the predominant clinical feature differed among the cases. Two patients showed marked myocarditis with a shorter hospital stay. The other two patients had a prolonged ICU stay due to severe neuromuscular involvement secondary to myositis and myasthenia gravis. Treatment was based on steroids, plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, and immunosuppressive biological agents.ConclusionThe management of respiratory failure is challenging, particularly in those patients with predominant MG. Along with intensive clinical monitoring, bedside respiratory mechanics can guide the decision-making process of selecting a respiratory support method, the timing of elective intubation and extubation.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

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