• Roberta Filipini Rampelotto, Andreas Hörner, Christine Hörner, Roselene Righi, and Rosmari Hörner.
• MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
• Sao Paulo Med J. 2016 May 13; 134 (3): 268272268-72.

Context And ObjectiveBordetella bronchiseptica (BB) is a Gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for respiratory diseases in dogs, cats and rabbits. Reports on its development in humans are rare. However, in immunosuppressed patients, especially in those with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV), BB can cause severe pulmonary infections. We report on two cases of pneumonia caused by BB in HIV-positive male patients in a university hospital.Case ReportThe first case comprised a 43-year-old patient who was admitted presenting chronic leg pain and coughing, with suspected pneumonia. BB was isolated from sputum culture and was successfully treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in association with levofloxacin. The second case comprised a 49-year-old patient who was admitted presenting fever, nausea, sweating and a dry cough, also with suspected pneumonia. BB was isolated from sputum culture, tracheal secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage. The disease was treated with ciprofloxacin but the patient died.ConclusionBB should be included in the etiology of pneumonia in immunodeficient HIV patients. As far as we know, these two were the first cases of pneumonia due to BB to occur in this university hospital.

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