• Noha F Mahmoud, Howida A Fouda, Islam I Omara, and Nashwa M Allam.
• Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Sep 15; 102 (37): e35105e35105.

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease characterized by intra- and extra-articular manifestations. Sand therapy is traditionally indicated for RA, chronic pain, skin diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders. Many places in the world use sand therapy, including Siwa, which is a famous place in Egypt. This study investigated the exposure time to Siwan traditional therapy as a factor influencing central sensitization, pain severity, pain threshold, and kinesiophobia in RA by measuring the central sensory inventory (CSI), visual analogue scale, pressure algometer, and TAMPA kinesiophobia scale, respectively. Twenty-four patients with RA were recruited from 6 traditional healing centers, 24 RA patients were recruited and randomly assigned to 2 equal groups (GI and GII). The first received Siwan traditional therapy for 3 days, while the second received the same program for 5 days. The results revealed a significant difference in CSI between pre- and posttreatment within the GII (P = .038). The Tampa Scale score improved significantly in both groups (P = .004 and P = .014, respectively). Pain severity and pain threshold at all sites showed significant posttreatment improvements in the GII. Significant posttreatment changes were only found for GI in terms of pain severity and the most painful joint (P = .010 and P = .035, respectively). Significant changes were observed in kinesiophobia, pain severity, and pain threshold in the most painful joint 3 and 5 days after Siwan traditional therapy. Despite the nonsignificant differences in all parameters between the 2 groups, all the measured parameters produced favorable results after 5 days of treatment, suggesting the need for a long-term effect investigation.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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