• Bjørn Hofmann.
• Centre of Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1130, Blindern, Oslo N-0318, Norway; Institute for the Health Sciences at the Norwegian, University of Science and Technology in Gjøvik, Norway. Electronic address: b.m.hofmann@medisin.uio.no.
• Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2023 Nov 1; 117: 373-7.

AbstractWe need to address the paradox that health expansion threatens sustainable healthcare as anti-aging drugs are on the trail from trial to the market and come together with health enhancement measures changing demography and the health of populations. This poses global, social, and professional problems, and challenges clinical medicine as well as health policy. To handle the emerging challenges, we need to address four crucial issues: (1) injustice (access), (2) sustainability, (3) basic human rights, and (4) eugenics. To do so we need to differentiate between health improvements and health enhancements and reinforce medicine's strongest moral appeal: to reduce suffering.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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