• Shinya Tanaka, Yota Mizuno, Shusuke Nojiri, Daiki Futamura, Motoki Nagaya, Yoshihiro Nishida, Yuta Sano, Shohei Ishida, Masashi Kato, Nobuhiko Kurata, Kanta Jobara, Yasuhiro Fujimoto, and Yasuhiro Ogura.
• Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Sep 22; 102 (38): e35324e35324.

RationaleThe purpose of this case report is to describe a case of successful early rehabilitation intervention for simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLKT).Patient ConcernsA 51-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with Caroli disease 27 years ago. Hemodialysis was introduced due to end-stage renal disease 17 years ago.DiagnosesAfter successful SLKT, the patient was extubated on postoperative day (POD) 1, liberated from dialysis on POD 4, and discharged from the intensive care unit on POD 9.InterventionsSupervised rehabilitation was started on POD 2, and the patient was able to walk 100 m on POD 9. Electrical muscle stimulation therapy was started to improve muscle weakness in both legs on POD 16, and aerobic exercise using a cycle-ergometer was started on POD 24.OutcomesThe 6-minute walking distance improved from 324 m on POD 14 to 501 m on POD 28. The patient could walk 4000 to 5000 steps per day at hospital discharge, and was discharged home on POD 32. There were no adverse events, including worsening hepatic or renal function, during the rehabilitation period. One month after discharge, the patient was able to perform 30 to 40 minutes of aerobic exercise every day, and returned to work 5 months after discharge.LessonsThis case shows that early rehabilitation intervention immediately after SLKT safely and rapidly improved physical performance without adverse events. The results in the present case suggest that regular physical assessment and appropriate interventions with a variety of exercise modalities can contribute to improved physical performance in SLKT patients.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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