• Francisco Chana-Rodríguez, Taco Johan Blokhuis, José María Hernández-Mateo, Sebastian Jazra, Sithombo Maqungo, Jean Klay Santos-Machado, Atsushi Sakurai, Ronald Man Yeung Wong, Wai-Kit Raymond, Stephanie Wagner, and Robert Dunbar.
• OTC Foundation, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: chanaphd@gmail.com.
• Injury. 2023 Oct 1; 54 Suppl 5: 111015111015.

AbstractThe ability to manage the myriad of musculoskeletal conditions successfully requires multiple years of training. Access to and completion of orthopaedic surgical training entails an often grueling, highly regulated path to certification to practice. Although the world is more connected than ever, the question is whether the local certification criteria for medical specialists leads to a generic residency program and a similar training in all countries. This report from eight nations on five continents details the distinctive features of that training, including the number of positions available, the examinations required, the gender distribution of residents, and available possibilities once the residence period is complete. This analysis shows a wide variation in the orthopaedic trauma training program worldwide, with emphasis on different skills per country.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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