• Umberto Tosi, Sergio W Guadix, and Mark M Souweidane.
• Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
• World Neurosurg. 2023 Oct 1; 178: 305310305-310.

AbstractOver the past century, neuroendoscopy developed into a mainstay of neurosurgical practice, allowing for minimally invasive approaches to the ventricles, skull base, and spine. Its development, however, is far from over. Current challenges are inherent in the very feature that renders neuroendoscopy appealing-the small channels of the modern endoscope allow surgery to be performed with minimal tissue retraction, but they also make hemostasis and resection of large masses difficult. New optics allow for significantly improved image quality; yet open craniotomy often allows for 3-dimensional visualization and bimanual dissection and is part of everyday neurosurgical training. Finally, the utilization of neuroendoscopy remains limited, presenting ongoing challenges for neurosurgical teaching and achievement of technical mastery.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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