• Marwan M Azar.
• Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Department of Laboratory Medicine; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Electronic address: marwan.azar@yale.edu.
• Chest. 2024 Mar 1; 165 (3): 559572559-572.

AbstractAlthough bacteria significantly exceed fungi as the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection, the incidence of fungal pneumonia is increasing because of a growing at-risk population of immunocompromised individuals as well as anthropogenic global heating and environmental disruption. When a patient presents with a clinical syndrome of pneumonia, a constellation of factors must be considered to determine the probability of a fungal pneumonia, including host factors, epidemiologic exposures, suggestive radiographic patterns, and the presence of a non-resolving pneumonia. In addition, knowledge of clinically important fungal pathogens, their epidemiology, and associated clinical syndromes are key in guiding appropriate diagnostic testing and result interpretation, and ultimately rendering a correct diagnosis of a fungal pneumonia. This article aims to provide a framework for the evaluation and appropriate diagnostic testing of patients with suspected fungal pneumonia.Copyright © 2023 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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