• Tatiana M Davidson, Hannah C Espeleta, Leigh E Ridings, Sara Witcraft, Olivia Bravoco, Kristen Higgins, Rachel Houchins, Debra Kitchens, Benjamin Manning, Seon Jones, Bruce Crookes, Rochelle Hanson, and Kenneth J Ruggiero.
• From the College of Nursing (Davidson, Espeleta, Ridings, Witcraft, Bravoco, Higgins, Crookes, Ruggiero), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2023 Dec 1; 237 (6): 810825810-825.

BackgroundAnnually, over 600,000 adults served in US trauma centers (≥20%) develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depression in the first year after injury. American College of Surgeons guidelines include screening and addressing mental health recovery in trauma centers. Yet, many trauma centers do not monitor and address mental health recovery, and it is a priority to learn how to implement evidence-informed mental health programs in trauma centers.Study DesignThis report describes our application of the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment model to implement the Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program (TRRP) in 3 Level I and II trauma centers to address patients' mental health needs. TRRP is a scalable and sustainable stepped model of care-one of the few in the US-that provides early intervention and direct services after traumatic injury.ResultsTrauma centers are well positioned to accelerate patients' mental health recovery via early identification, education, screening, and referrals to mental health agencies that provide best-practice care. We found that TRRP was acceptable to the 3 partnering trauma centers we studied. Early engagement of patient, provider, and hospital administration stakeholders enhanced buy-in during the early stages of the implementation process and promoted sustainability. Active processes to support monitoring, evaluation, and adaptation were critical.ConclusionsOur work demonstrates the feasibility of implementing and adapting TRRP, a cost-efficient and sustainable stepped care intervention, in Level I and II trauma centers. Several factors should be carefully considered by trauma centers seeking to integrate behavioral health interventions into their trauma program.Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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