• Yang Gu, Milica Bjelic, Kunal Panda, Asad Ali Usman, Ryan Magnuson, and Igor Gosev.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: Yang_Gu@urmc.rochester.edu.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2024 Jan 1; 38 (1): 230236230-236.

ObjectiveTo identify and compare the rates of cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis (CaDVT) in patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) who receive systemic anticoagulation (AC) and those who do not receive AC.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingTertiary academic medical center.ParticipantsConsecutive patients who successfully have been decannulated from VV-ECMO for treatment of refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome between 2017 and 2022.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsAfter decannulation of ECMO, a duplex sonograph was performed on the cannulation sites to determine the incidence and characteristics of cannula-related thrombosis. Thrombosis was classified as occlusive or nearly occlusive. Ninety-four of 161 patients were weaned from VV-ECMO. Nineteen patients who were placed on VV-ECMO due to COVID-19 were excluded. Twenty-seven of 52 patients (52%) who did not receive AC were identified to have thrombus. Twelve of 23 patients (52%) who received AC were identified to have thrombus. Patients who received AC required more blood products during the ECMO run and required longer support on VV-ECMO.ConclusionThis study showed a high incidence of cannula-related venous thrombosis after VV-ECMO decannulation. Surprisingly, the incidence of CaDVT in anticoagulation-free patients was the same as in patients requiring anticoagulation. Anticoagulated patients required longer support on VV-ECMO and required more transfusions. Routine post-decannulation screening for DVT is recommended due to the high incidence of CaDVT.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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