• Yoonsun Yoon, Hye Sun Lee, Juyeon Yang, Jin Gwack, Bryan Inho Kim, Jeong-Ok Cha, Kyung Hoon Min, Yun-Kyung Kim, Jae Jeong Shim, and Young Seok Lee.
• Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
• J. Korean Med. Sci. 2023 Oct 16; 38 (40): e311e311.

BackgroundNonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) reduce the incidence of respiratory infections. After NPIs imposed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic ceased, respiratory infections gradually increased worldwide. However, few studies have been conducted on severe respiratory infections requiring hospitalization in pediatric patients. This study compares epidemiological changes in severe respiratory infections during pre-NPI, NPI, and post-NPI periods in order to evaluate the effect of that NPI on severe respiratory infections in children.MethodsWe retrospectively studied data collected at 13 Korean sentinel sites from January 2018 to October 2022 that were lodged in the national Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARIs) surveillance database.ResultsA total of 9,631 pediatric patients were admitted with SARIs during the pre-NPI period, 579 during the NPI period, and 1,580 during the post-NPI period. During the NPI period, the number of pediatric patients hospitalized with severe respiratory infections decreased dramatically, thus from 72.1 per 1,000 to 6.6 per 1,000. However, after NPIs ceased, the number increased to 22.8 per 1,000. During the post-NPI period, the positive test rate increased to the level noted before the pandemic.ConclusionStrict NPIs including school and daycare center closures effectively reduced severe respiratory infections requiring hospitalization of children. However, childcare was severely compromised. To prepare for future respiratory infections, there is a need to develop a social consensus on NPIs that are appropriate for children.© 2023 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.

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