• William Mangham, Kara A Parikh, Mustafa Motiwala, Andrew J Gienapp, Jordan Roach, Michael Barats, Jock Lillard, Nickalus Khan, Adam Arthur, and L Madison Michael.
• Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis , Tennessee , USA.
• Neurosurgery. 2024 Mar 1; 94 (3): 435443435-443.

Background And ObjectivesThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones provides a foundation for professionalism in residency training. Specific professionalism concepts from neurosurgery could augment and expand milestones for the specialty. We reviewed the current literature and identified professionalism concepts within the context of neurosurgical practice and training.MethodsWe used a scoping review methodology to search PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus and identify English-language articles with the search terms "professionalism" and "neurosurgery." We excluded articles that were not in English, not relevant to professionalism within neurosurgery, or could not be accessed. Non-peer-reviewed and qualitative publications, such as commentaries, were included in the review.ResultsA total of 193 articles were included in the review. We identified 6 professionalism themes among these results: professional identity (n = 53), burnout and wellness (n = 51), professional development (n = 34), ethics and conflicts of interest (n = 27), diversity and gender (n = 19), and misconduct (n = 9).ConclusionThese 6 concepts illustrate concerns that neurosurgeons have concerning professionalism. Diversity and gender, professional identity, and misconduct are not specifically addressed in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones. This review could be used to aid the development of organizational policy statements on professionalism.Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2023. All rights reserved.

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