• Vanessa Lopes Mathia, Maria Isabel Sacchi Mendonça, Diogo Pimenta Simões, Matheus Moreira Perez, Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves, Jéssica Freitas Araújo Encinas, Joyce Regina Santos Raimundo, Catherine Giovanna Costas Arcia, Neif Murad, FonsecaFernando Luiz AffonsoFLA0000-0003-1223-1589Centro Universitário FMABC, Clinical Analysis Laboratory - Santo André (SP), Brazil.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Diadema (SP), Brazil., and Glaucia Luciano da Veiga.
• Centro Universitário FMABC, Clinical Analysis Laboratory - Santo André (SP), Brazil.
• Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2023 Jan 1; 69 (12): e20230812e20230812.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with metabolic alterations and obesity.MethodsA cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on participants treated at Centro Universitário FMABC between August 2018 and July 2019, by comparing a control group (n=14) with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n=16). The control group consisted of participants aged above 21 years with no chronic diseases, diabetes, smoking, or illicit drug use. The type 2 diabetes mellitus group included patients aged above 21 years, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 5 years (glycated hemoglobin>7%). Exclusion criteria were not willing to continue, recent hospitalization, and failure to meet inclusion criteria. Biochemical parameters included blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, plasma irisin levels, and irisin gene expression in peripheral blood.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus patients exhibited significantly higher plasma glucose levels [143 (40) vs. 92 (13) mg/dL, *p<0.05] and glycated hemoglobin levels [7.1% (1.6) vs. 5.6% (0.5), *p<0.05] compared to the control group. Irisin gene expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was lower 0.02288 (0.08050) than the control group 8.506e-006 (1.412e-005) (p=0.06). Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between irisin expression and body mass index in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Rho=0.5221, 95%CI -0.058 to 0.838, p=0.06), while plasma irisin showed a negative correlation with body mass index (Rho=-0.656, 95%CI -0.836 to 0.215, p=0.03). No significant correlations were found between plasma glucose or glycated hemoglobin levels and irisin expression.ConclusionThe data suggests that body mass index directly influences plasma irisin levels and the regulation of irisin gene expression, possibly linking irisin to adiposity changes observed in obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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