• Pavel Kabicek, Stepan Sulek, Zdenek Seidl, Manuela Vaneckova, Edita Kabickova, Vaclav Vobruba, Laszlo Wenchich, and Jiri Zeman.
• Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic. p.kabicek@post.cz
• Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2010 Jan 1;31(3):297-300.

ObjectivePosterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a rare complication of nephrotic syndrome in children. This clinical condition is caused by localized brain angioedema mostly in parieto-occipital region and results in dramatic and acute features as sudden loss of consciousness, epileptic paroxysms, strong headache or visual disturbances. Uncontrolled hypertension often participates in PRES development.CaseWe present the case of a 5-year-old girl treated for relapse of nephrotic syndrome.ResultsAt the time of edema regression and weight reduction, a sudden loss of consciousness and worsening of hypertension occurred. Brain MRI demonstrated extended multifocal changes strongly suspicious of encephalitis. After exclusion of herpetic encephalitis, the clinical picture was classified as PRES. Successful antihypertensive treatment led to general improvement of the girl's health within 48 hours and resolution of MRI brain hyperintensities occurred within the next three months.ConclusionsThe aim of our case report is to us remind of possible development of PRES at the time of edema regression in nephrotic syndrome.

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