• Briana M Choi, Andrea H Weinberger, Nicole Petersen, Raina D Pang, Elise E DeVito, Melanie L Bell, and Alicia M Allen.
• Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
• J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2024 Jan 1; 33 (1): 455145-51.

AbstractBackground: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent public health concern. Combustible cigarette use is associated with increased risk of PPD. While electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use during pregnancy is linked to increased risk of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, the relationship between e-cigarette use and PPD is not well understood. We sought to examine the association of e-cigarette use with PPD. Materials and Methods: Using Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 2016-2019 data, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses for PPD were conducted via three analyses where e-cigarette use (any vs. none) was retrospectively self-reported (1) in past 2-year, (2) prepregnancy (i.e., 3 months before pregnancy), and (3) during pregnancy (i.e., last 3 months of pregnancy). We conducted an additional past 2-year e-cigarette use analysis excluding those who used combustible cigarette and/or hookah. Covariates included age, race, ethnicity, combustible cigarette, and/or hookah use, prenatal care during the last trimester, health insurance coverage during pregnancy, physical abuse during pregnancy, income, and survey type. Results: Only unadjusted odds ratios from past 2-year e-cigarette use (1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-1.87) and past 2-year e-cigarette use excluding individuals with cigarette and/or hookah use (1.78, 95% CI: 1.30-2.38) were statistically associated with PPD. No adjusted analyses were statistically significant. Conclusion: Any e-cigarette use, as compared to no use, does not appear to be an independent risk factor of PPD, though it may be a useful clinical marker of increased risk of PPD. Future studies are warranted to advance our knowledge of impact of e-cigarette use on PPD.

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