• Patricia Viganó Contri, Erica Miranda Berchielli, Marina Hjertquist Tremeschin, NegriniBento Vidal de MouraBV, Roberta Garcia Salomão, and Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro.
• Nutrition and Metabolism, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. patriciacontri@yahoo.com.br
• Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011 Jan 1; 66 (6): 9971002997-1002.

ObjectiveTo describe nutritional status, body composition and lipid profile in children and adolescents receiving protease inhibitors.MethodsFifty-nine patients, 23 treated with protease inhibitors (group 1) and 36 not using protease inhibitors (group 2). Their dietary intake, anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis and lipid profile variables were measured.ResultsThere was no difference in nutritional status or body composition between groups at the beginning of the study. After 6 months of follow-up, there was an increase in weight and height in both groups, as well as in waist circumference and subscapular skinfold thickness. In group 2, body mass index and triceps skinfold thickness adequacy were significantly higher after 6 months of follow-up. The groups had similar energy and macronutrient intake at any time point. After 6 months, group 1 had a higher cholesterol intake and group 2 had a higher fiber intake. Triglyceride serum levels were significantly different between the groups, with higher values in G1, at any time point [G1: 153 mg/dl (30-344); 138 (58-378) versus G2: 76 mg/dl (29-378); 76 (29-378)]. After 6 months of follow-up, G1 had higher LDL-cholesterol than G2 [104 mg/dl (40-142) versus 82 (42-145)].ConclusionThe use of protease inhibitors, per se, does not seem to significantly interfere with anthropometric measures, body composition and food intake of HIV-infected children and adolescents. However, this antiretroviral therapy was associated with a significant increase in triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol in our subjects.

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