• J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Apr 2024

    Predictive value of retinal atrophy for cognitive decline across disease duration in multiple sclerosis.

    • Salut Alba-Arbalat, Elisabeth Solana, Elisabet Lopez-Soley, Anna Camos-Carreras, Eloy Martinez-Heras, Francesc Vivó, Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, Magi Andorra, Maria Sepulveda, Jose María Cabrera, Elianet Fonseca, Alberto Calvi, Rafel Alcubierre, Marina Dotti-Boada, Albert Saiz, Elena H Martinez-Lapiscina, Pablo Villoslada, Yolanda Blanco, Bernardo Sanchez-Dalmau, and Sara Llufriu.
    • Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
    • J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 2024 Apr 12; 95 (5): 419425419-425.

    BackgroundWe investigated the association between changes in retinal thickness and cognition in people with MS (PwMS), exploring the predictive value of optical coherence tomography (OCT) markers of neuroaxonal damage for global cognitive decline at different periods of disease.MethodWe quantified the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre (pRFNL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform (GCIPL) layers thicknesses of 207 PwMS and performed neuropsychological evaluations. The cohort was divided based on disease duration (≤5 years or >5 years). We studied associations between changes in OCT and cognition over time, and assessed the risk of cognitive decline of a pRFNL≤88 µm or GCIPL≤77 µm and its predictive value.ResultsChanges in pRFNL and GCIPL thickness over 3.2 years were associated with evolution of cognitive scores, in the entire cohort and in patients with more than 5 years of disease (p<0.01). Changes in cognition were related to less use of disease-modifying drugs, but not OCT metrics in PwMS within 5 years of onset. A pRFNL≤88 µm was associated with earlier cognitive disability (3.7 vs 9.9 years) and higher risk of cognitive deterioration (HR=1.64, p=0.022). A GCIPL≤77 µm was not associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline, but a trend was observed at ≤91.5 µm in PwMS with longer disease (HR=1.81, p=0.061).ConclusionsThe progressive retinal thinning is related to cognitive decline, indicating that cognitive dysfunction is a late manifestation of accumulated neuroaxonal damage. Quantifying the pRFNL aids in identifying individuals at risk of cognitive dysfunction.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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