• John S Kim, Susan Murray, Eric Yow, Kevin J Anstrom, Hyun J Kim, Kevin R Flaherty, Fernando J Martinez, and Imre Noth.
• Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
• Chest. 2024 May 1; 165 (5): 116311731163-1173.

BackgroundAntifibrotics are effective in slowing FVC decline in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, whether antifibrotic type is differentially associated with FVC decline remains inconclusive.Research QuestionAre there significant differences in 12-month FVC decline between pirfenidone and nintedanib?Study Design And MethodsA post hoc analysis was performed using the Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial Therapy Strategy Using Pragmatic Design in IPF (CleanUP-IPF) trial (No. NCT02759120). Participants who reported using pirfenidone or nintedanib on enrollment into the trial were in the primary analysis. Spirometry was scheduled at baseline and the 12- and 24-month study visits. Linear mixed-effects models with random intercept and slope were used to examine changes in FVC over time. Models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking history, coronary artery disease history, baseline FVC, and 12-month spline term. Survival and nonelective respiratory hospitalization by antifibrotic type were determined using Cox regression models with adjustment for age, sex, smoking history, coronary artery disease history, and baseline FVC and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.ResultsOut of the 513 participants with IPF randomized in the CleanUP-IPF trial, 407 reported using pirfenidone (n = 264, 65%) or nintedanib (n = 143, 35%). The pirfenidone group had more participants with a history of coronary artery disease than the nintedanib group (34.1% vs 20.3%, respectively). Patients treated with nintedanib had a higher 12-month visit FVC than patients treated with pirfenidone (mean difference, 106 mL; 95% CI, 34-178). This difference was attenuated at the 24-month study visit. There were no significant differences in overall survival and nonelective respiratory hospitalization between the pirfenidone- and nintedanib-treated groups.InterpretationPatients with IPF who used nintedanib had a slower 12-month FVC decline than pirfenidone in a post hoc analysis of a clinical trial.Copyright © 2023 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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