• Kyung Jae Lee, Jae Sung Ko, Kie Young Park, Ki Soo Kang, Kunsong Lee, Jeana Hong, Soon Chul Kim, Yoon Lee, Ben Kang, Yu Bin Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Byung Wook Eun, Hye-Kyung Cho, Yae-Jean Kim, Mi Jin Kim, Jin Lee, Taek-Jin Lee, Seak Hee Oh, Sowon Park, Eun Ha Hwang, Sangjun Sohn, Jin Gyu Lim, YooJin Kim, and Yeoun Joo Lee.
• Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• J. Korean Med. Sci. 2023 Dec 4; 38 (47): e401e401.

BackgroundSeveral cases of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology related to adenoviral infections have been reported in Europe since January 2022. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence, severity, possible etiology, and prognosis of the disease with those in the past in Korea.MethodsThe surveillance group collected data between May and November 2022 using a surveillance system. Acute hepatitis of unknown etiology was defined in patients aged < 16 years with a serum transaminase level > 500 IU/L, not due to hepatitis A-E or other underlying causes. For comparison, data from 18 university hospitals were retrospectively collected as a control group between January 2021 and April 2022.ResultsWe enrolled 270 patients (mean age, 5 years). The most common symptom was fever. However, the incidence was similar between 2021 and 2022. Liver function test results, number of patients with acute liver failure (ALF), liver transplantation (LT), death, and adenovirus detection rates did not differ between the two groups. None of the adenovirus-positive patients in either group experienced ALF, LT, or death. In the surveillance group, adenovirus-associated virus-2 was detected in four patients, one of whom underwent LT. Patients with an unknown etiology showed significantly higher bilirubin levels, a lower platelet count, and a higher LT rate than patients with a possible etiology.ConclusionThe incidence of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology and adenovirus detection rate have not increased in Korea.© 2023 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.

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