• Despoina Koulenti, Apostolos Armaganidis, Kostoula Arvaniti, Stijn Blot, Christian Brun-Buisson, Maria Deja, Jan De Waele, Bin Du, Joel M Dulhunty, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Matthew Judd, David L Paterson, Christian Putensen, Rosa Reina, Jordi Rello, Marcos I Restrepo, Jason A Roberts, Fredrik Sjovall, Jean-Francois Timsit, Sotirios Tsiodras, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Yuchi Zhang, Jeffrey Lipman, and Working Group on Pneumonia of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.
• University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
• Crit Care Resusc. 2021 Mar 1; 23 (1): 596659-66.

AbstractBackground: Nosocomial pneumonia in the critical care setting is associated with increased morbidity, significant crude mortality rates and high health care costs. Ventilator-associated pneumonia represents about 80% of nosocomial pneumonia cases in intensive care units (ICUs). Wide variance in incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and diagnostic techniques used has been reported, while successful treatment remains complex and a matter of debate. Objective: To describe the epidemiology, diagnostic strategies and treatment modalities for nosocomial pneumonia in contemporary ICU settings across multiple countries around the world. Design, setting and patients: PneumoINSPIRE is a large, multinational, prospective cohort study of adult ICU patients diagnosed with nosocomial pneumonia. Participating ICUs from at least 20 countries will collect data on 10 or more consecutive ICU patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Site-specific information, including hospital policies on antibiotic therapy, will be recorded along with patient-specific data. Variables that will be explored include: aetiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns, treatment-related parameters (including time to initiation of antibiotic therapy, and empirical antibiotic choice, dose and escalation or de-escalation), pneumonia resolution, ICU and hospital mortality, and risk factors for unfavourable outcomes. The concordance of ventilator-associated pneumonia diagnosis with accepted definitions will also be assessed. Results and conclusions: PneumoINSPIRE will provide valuable information on current diagnostic and management practices relating to ICU nosocomial pneumonia, and identify research priorities in the field. Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02793141.© 2021 College of Intensive Care Medicine of Australia and New Zealand.

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