• Internal medicine · Aug 2024

    Case Reports

    Successful Treatment of Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with a Positive Donath-Landsteiner Test Using Rituximab.

    • Naoko Hiranuma, Yusuke Koba, Takahito Kawata, Akira Tamekane, and Mitsumasa Watanabe.
    • Department of Hematology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Japan.
    • Intern. Med. 2024 Aug 1; 63 (15): 217321762173-2176.

    AbstractParoxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a rare disease in adults, and its concurrent presentation with warm-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has not yet been reported. We encountered a 19-year-old woman with AIHA and a positive Donath-Landsteiner test result identified by a hemolytic attack during blood transfusion. She also showed positive results for the direct Coombs and Donath-Landsteiner antibody tests. After treatment with prednisolone followed by rituximab, the AIHA improved, and the Donath-Landsteiner antibody test result turned negative. Clinicians should be aware that patients may present with concurrent warm-type AIHA and PCH and consider rituximab for its treatment.

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