• Nils Chaillet, Benoît Mâsse, William A Grobman, Allison Shorten, Robert Gauthier, Patrick Rozenberg, Marylène Dugas, Jean-Charles Pasquier, François Audibert, Haim A Abenhaim, Suzanne Demers, Bruno Piedboeuf, William D Fraser, Robert Gagnon, Guy-Paul Gagné, Diane Francoeur, Isabelle Girard, Louise Duperron, Marie-Josée Bédard, Mira Johri, Eric Dubé, Simon Blouin, Thierry Ducruet, Mario Girard, Emmanuel Bujold, and PRISMA Trial research group.
• CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada. Electronic address: nils.chaillet@fmed.ulaval.ca.
• Lancet. 2024 Jan 6; 403 (10421): 445444-54.

BackgroundWomen with a previous caesarean delivery face a difficult choice in their next pregnancy: planning another caesarean or attempting vaginal delivery, both of which are associated with potential maternal and perinatal complications. This trial aimed to assess whether a multifaceted intervention, which promoted person-centred decision making and best practices, would reduce the risk of major perinatal morbidity among women with one previous caesarean delivery.MethodsWe conducted an open, multicentre, cluster-randomised, controlled trial of a multifaceted 2-year intervention in 40 hospitals in Quebec among women with one previous caesarean delivery, in which hospitals were the units of randomisation and women the units of analysis. Randomisation was stratified according to level of care, using blocked randomisation. Hospitals were randomly assigned (1:1) to the intervention group (implementation of best practices and provision of tools that aimed to support decision making about mode of delivery, including an estimation of the probability of vaginal delivery and an ultrasound estimation of the risk of uterine rupture), or the control group (no intervention). The primary outcome was a composite risk of major perinatal morbidity. This trial was registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN15346559.Findings21 281 eligible women delivered during the study period, from April 1, 2016 to Dec 13, 2019 (10 514 in the intervention group and 10 767 in the control group). None were lost to follow-up. There was a significant reduction in the rate of major perinatal morbidity from the baseline period to the intervention period in the intervention group as compared with the control group (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for incremental change over time, 0·72 [95% CI 0·52-0·99]; p=0·042; adjusted risk difference -1·2% [95% CI -2·0 to -0·1]). Major maternal morbidity was significantly reduced in the intervention group as compared with the control group (adjusted OR 0·54 [95% CI 0·33-0·89]; p=0·016). Minor perinatal and maternal morbidity, caesarean delivery, and uterine rupture rates did not differ significantly between groups.InterpretationA multifaceted intervention supporting women in their choice of mode of delivery and promoting best practices resulted in a significant reduction in rates of major perinatal and maternal morbidity, without an increase in the rate of caesarean or uterine rupture.FundingCanadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, MOP-142448).Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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