• Latha Ganti, S Chandana Veluri, Thor S Stead, and Richard Rieck.
• The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Latha_Ganti@Brown.edu.
• Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2024 Mar 1; 28 (3): 738173-81.

Purpose Of ReviewWhile primary headaches like migraines or cluster headaches are prevalent and often debilitating, it's the secondary headaches-those resulting from underlying pathologies-that can be particularly ominous. This article delves into the sinister causes of headaches, underscoring the importance of a meticulous clinical approach, especially when presented with red flags.Recent FindingsHeadaches, one of the most common complaints in clinical practice, span a spectrum from benign tension-type episodes to harbingers of life-threatening conditions. For the seasoned physician, differentiating between these extremes is paramount. Headache etiologies covered in this article will include subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cervical artery dissection, cerebral venous thrombosis, meningitis, obstructive hydrocephalus, and brain tumor.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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