• Federico Semeraro, Guglielmo Imbriaco, Donatella Del Giudice, Marco Antognoli, Daniele Celin, Micaela Cuttitta, Vincenzo Lo Guasto, Gabriele Giulini, Tania Gnudi, Alessandro Monesi, Elisa Nava, Riccardo Tucci, Alessandra Carenzio, Sara Lo Jacono, Giovanni Gordini, Lorenzo Gamberini, and Collaborators.
• Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy.
• Resuscitation. 2024 Jan 1; 194: 110088110088.

IntroductionGuidelines recommend teaching resuscitation from school age; however, little is known about the best methods to provide it. We devised a blended learning program for primary and secondary students (Kids Save Lives - KSL) consisting of brief lectures, practical training with mannequins, and virtual reality. We aimed to evaluate its impact on students' attitudes towards intervening during cardiac arrest and their knowledge about basic life support.MethodsThis observational, prospective, before-and-after study assessed attitudes and basic life support knowledge in primary and secondary school children exposed to the KSL program. 20 events were conducted in the metropolitan area of Bologna, Italy. A multiple-choice test (before and after the course) explored attitude, knowledge and perceptions of realism, engagement, and agreement with the virtual reality method.ResultsA total of 1,179 students (response rate 81.4%) were included in the final analysis, with 12.89% from primary schools, 5.94% from middle schools, and 81.17% from high schools. Students' willingness to intervene during a cardiac arrest rose from 56.9% to 93.1% (p < 0.001) post-course. The course's realism, engagement, and future prospects received positive feedback, with median scores notably higher in primary schools compared to secondary schools.ConclusionThe blended learning method improved students' understanding of basic life support techniques and their attitude to act during cardiac arrest situations. The positive reception of the virtual reality component underscores technology's potential to bolster engagement and should be further explored for basic life support teaching in schoolchildren.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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