• T Requena and M Velasco.
• Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid, España. Electronic address: t.requena@csic.es.
• Rev Clin Esp. 2021 Apr 1; 221 (4): 233240233-240.

AbstractThe study of the human microbiome has led to an exceptional increase in the current understanding of the importance of microbiota for health throughout all stages of life. Human microbial colonization occurs in the skin, genitourinary system and, mainly, in the oral cavity and intestinal tract. In these locations, the human microbiota establishes a symbiotic relationship with the host and helps maintain the physiological homeostasis. Lifestyle, age, diet and use of antibiotics are the main regulators of the composition and functionality of human microbiota. Recent studies have indicated the reduction in microbial diversity as one of the contributors to the development of diseases. In addition to phylogenetic diversity studies, further metagenomic studies are needed at the functional level of the human microbiome to improve our understanding of its involvement in human health.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.

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