• Xiaodong Luo, Yanfang He, Daogang Zha, Chunyu Kang, and Yuan Sijie.
• Department of General Practice, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Dec 22; 102 (51): e36333e36333.

RationaleCampylobacter fetus is rare pathogen with high mortality rate in immunosuppressive hosts. This study aimed to summarize clinical and pathological presentation of C fetus induced psoas abscess.Patient ConcernsA 66-year-old male patient with long medical history of poorly-controlled gouty arthritis and steroid intake complained of a severe low back pain. Physical examination showed tenderness in his psoas.DiagnosesThe patient underwent puncture biopsy to the lesion in the psoas under ultrasound guidance. The lesion was indicated as abscess by pathological examination, and its pathogen was indicated as C fetus by the next generation sequencing.InterventionsMeropenem 1 g q8.h were administered intravenously for 10 days. Then the antibiotic treatment was switched to amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium 0.375g q.8.h and levofloxacin 0.5g q.d oral administration when discharge.OutcomesThe patient's fever and low back pain improved and infectious parameters declined. He was discharged in good general condition with advice for further monitoring and therapy. In the first month follow-up, the patient did not report recurrence or aggravation of his symptoms.LessonsC fetus should be noticed in immunosuppressive patient with exposure to livestock who present with rare systematic or local invasive infection. We advocated the meropenem for the first-line treatment against C fetus.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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