• Nguyen Trung Bao, Vo Thanh Luan, Bui Thanh Liem, Vo Hoang Thien Nhu, Do Chau Viet, Trinh Huu Tung, Sakib Burza, and Nguyen Tat Thanh.
• Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No.2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jan 5; 103 (1): e36797e36797.

RationaleHand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Enterovirus A71, complicated by cardiopulmonary failure, is associated with a high mortality rate despite intensive treatment. To date, there is a paucity of clinical management data, regarding the use of extracorporeal life support (VA-ECMO) for Enterovirus-A71 associated cardiopulmonary failure reported.Patient ConcernsThe patient in this study presented with severe HFMD complicated by cardiopulmonary failure, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and cardiac arrest.DiagnosesClinical presentations, laboratory data, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results from rectal swabs were used to confirm the diagnosis of severe HFMD caused by Enterovirus A71.InterventionsThe patient was managed with chest compression and an automatic external defibrillator, mechanical ventilation, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and inotrope (milrinone). The patient did not respond to these interventions and subsequently required further management with VA-ECMO.OutcomesThe patient achieved a favorable outcomes.LessonsOur study highlights that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and CRRT can enhance the survival outcomes of patients with severe HFMD with cardiopulmonary failure complications. Furthermore, we propose specific indications for the initiation of VA-ECMO.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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