• Veronique Vermeersch, Karelle Léon, Anais Caillard, Amandine Szczesnowski, Gaëlle Albacete, Nadege Marec, Florine Tissier, Guillaume Gilbert, Mickael Droguet, Pascale Marcorelles, Marie-Agnes Giroux-Metges, and Olivier Huet.
• Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Brest Teaching Hospital, Brest, France.
• Crit. Care Med. 2024 Mar 1; 52 (3): e142e151e142-e151.

ObjectivesAn association between physical inactivity and worse outcome during infectious disease has been reported. The effect of moderate exercise preconditioning on the immune response during an acute pneumonia in a murine model was evaluated.SettingLaboratory experiments.SubjectsC57BL6/j male mice.InterventionsSix-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided in two groups: an exercise group and a control group. In the exercise group, a moderate, progressive, and standardized physical exercise was applied for 8 weeks. It consisted in a daily treadmill training lasting 60 minutes and with an intensity of 65% of the maximal theoretical oxygen uptake. Usual housing recommendation were applied in the control group during the same period. After 8 weeks, pneumonia was induced in both groups by intratracheal instillation of a fixed concentration of a Klebsiella pneumoniae (5 × 103 colony-forming unit) solution.Measurements And Main ResultsMice preconditioned by physical exercise had a less sever onset of pneumonia as shown by a significant decrease of the Mouse Clinical Assessment Severity Score and had a significantly lower mortality compared with the control group (27% vs. 83%; p = 0.019). In the exercise group, we observed a significantly earlier but transient recruitment of inflammatory immune cells with a significant increase of neutrophils, CD4+ cells and interstitial macrophages counts compared with control group. Lung tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly decreased at 48 hours after pneumonia induction in the exercise group compared with the control group.ConclusionsIn our model, preconditioning by moderate physical exercise improves outcome by reducing the severity of acute pneumonia with an increased but transient activation of the innate immune response.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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