• Yiqi Huang, Li Xia, Weigang Shen, and Tianxiao Fu.
• Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Dec 29; 102 (52): e35620e35620.

RationaleMycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is common in lung, liver and skin. However, MAC presenting with peritonitis is uncommon and is particularly rare in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of infection-associated glomerulonephritis and mantle cell lymphoma caused by peritonitis due to MAC.Patient ConcernsWe report a case of a 73-year-old elderly man with fever and abdominal pain for 2 days and gradually developed anuria, ascites, and abdominal lymphadenopathy.DiagnosesThe initial diagnosis was peritonitis and acute renal failure. There was no significant relief of symptoms after empirical anti-infective therapy and hemodialysis. infection-associated glomerulonephritis, mantle cell lymphoma, and peritonitis due to MAC were diagnosed by renal biopsy, abdominal lymph node biopsy, and metagenomics next-generation sequencing.InterventionsThe patient received empirical antibiotic therapy, hemodialysis, and anti-MAC therapy.OutcomesUnfortunately, the patient eventually died of septic shock after the 21st day of admissiom.LessonsEarly diagnosis of MAC infection is essential. When the cause of fever is unknown, metagenomics next-generation sequencing can be considered.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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