• Qi-Zhou Zhu, Hui-Juan Li, Yuan-Qiang Li, Xiao-Hong Yu, and Kuan-Yong Shu.
• Department of Gynecological Oncology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Dec 29; 102 (52): e36796e36796.

RationaleCancer with unknown primary site is a kind of disease that is difficult to deal with clinically, accounting for 2% to 9% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. Here, we report such a case with pelvic metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of an unknown primary site and review the relevant literature.Patient Concerns DiagnosesA 43-year-old Chinese female patient was referred to our hospital and initially diagnosed as "malignant tumor of right adnexal area?, obstruction of right ureter, secondary hydronephrosis".InterventionsThereafter cytoreductive surgery was performed which included a total hysterectomy, left adnexectomy, partial omentum resection, pelvic lymph node dissection, and para-aortic lymph node dissection. The primary lesion could not be identified by supplementary examination and postoperative pathology. The patient was diagnosed as pelvic metastatic squamous cell carcinoma whose primary site was unknown. To prevent a recurrence, we administered adjuvant chemotherapy for the patient.OutcomesThe patient was followed up after treatment, complete remission has been maintained for 72 months, and no recurrence or metastasis has been found.LessonsOur case demonstrates that surgery combined with chemotherapy could be helpful for pelvic metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary site.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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